Posts Tagged ‘Hypervalent molecule’
Saturday, February 24th, 2018
Another post inspired by a comment on an earlier one; I had been discussing compounds of the type I.In (n=4,6) as possible candidates for hypervalency. The comment suggests the below as a similar analogue, deriving from observations made in 1989.[1]
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References
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Y. Mazaki, and K. Kobayashi, "Structure and intramolecular dynamics of bis(diisobutylselenocarbamoyl) triselenide as identified in solution by the 77Se-NMR spectroscopy", Tetrahedron Letters, vol. 30, pp. 2813-2816, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)99132-9
Tags:C, chemical bonding, Chemistry, free energy, Hypervalency, Hypervalent molecule, Matter, Molecular geometry, Nature, Nitrogen
Posted in Uncategorised | 3 Comments »
Friday, February 16th, 2018
Last year, this article[1] attracted a lot of attention as the first example of molecular helium in the form of Na2He. In fact, the helium in this species has a calculated‡ bond index of only 0.15 and it is better classified as a sodium electride with the ionisation induced by pressure and the presence of helium atoms. The helium is neither valent, nor indeed hypervalent (the meanings are in fact equivalent for this element). In a separate blog posted in 2013, I noted a cobalt carbonyl complex containing a hexacoordinate hydrogen in the form of hydride, H–. A comment appended to this blog insightfully asked about the isoelectronic complex containing He instead of H–. Here, rather belatedly, I respond to this comment!
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References
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X. Dong, A.R. Oganov, A.F. Goncharov, E. Stavrou, S. Lobanov, G. Saleh, G. Qian, Q. Zhu, C. Gatti, V.L. Deringer, R. Dronskowski, X. Zhou, V.B. Prakapenka, Z. Konôpková, I.A. Popov, A.I. Boldyrev, and H. Wang, "A stable compound of helium and sodium at high pressure", Nature Chemistry, vol. 9, pp. 440-445, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nchem.2716
Tags:chemical bonding, Chemical elements, chemical shift, Chemistry, helium, Hydride, Hydrogen, Hypervalency, Hypervalent molecule, Matter, Metal hydrides, Reducing agents, Transition metal hydride
Posted in Uncategorised | 4 Comments »
Tuesday, December 26th, 2017
Recollect the suggestion that diazomethane has hypervalent character[1]. When I looked into this, I came to the conclusion that it probably was mildly hypervalent, but on carbon and not nitrogen. Here I try some variations with substituents to see what light if any this casts.
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References
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M.C. Durrant, "A quantitative definition of hypervalency", Chemical Science, vol. 6, pp. 6614-6623, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5SC02076J
Tags:chemical bonding, Chemistry, diazo, Diazo compounds, Diazomethane, diazomethane-like systems, Functional groups, Hypervalency, Hypervalent molecule, Molecular geometry, Organic chemistry, Recollects
Posted in Uncategorised | 8 Comments »
Saturday, December 23rd, 2017
In the previous post, I referred to a recently published review on hypervalency[1] which introduced a very simple way (the valence electron equivalent γ) of quantifying the effect. Diazomethane was cited as one example of a small molecule exhibiting hypervalency (on nitrogen) by this measure. Here I explore the effect of substituting diazomethane with cyano and nitro groups.‡
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References
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M.C. Durrant, "A quantitative definition of hypervalency", Chemical Science, vol. 6, pp. 6614-6623, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5SC02076J
Tags:candidate for hypervalent carbon, chemical bonding, Hypervalency, Hypervalent molecule, Interesting chemistry, Molecular geometry
Posted in Uncategorised | No Comments »
Monday, November 27th, 2017
Previously: “Non-polar” species such as SeMe6, SMe6, ClMe3, ClMe5 all revealed interesting properties for the Se-C, S-C or Cl-C “single” bonds. The latter two examples in particular hinted at internal structures for these single bonds, as manifested by two ELF basins for some of the bonds. Here I take a look at the related molecule where a formal double bond between carbon and the central sulfur atom replacing the single-bond might also hint at octet expansions and hypervalence.
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Tags:Chemical bond, chemical bonding, Chemical polarity, Chemistry, double bond, Hypervalency, Hypervalent molecule, Nature, single bond, Tetravalence, Valence
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Tuesday, November 7th, 2017
One thread that runs through this blog is that of hypervalency. It was therefore nice to come across a recent review of the concept[1] which revisits the topic, and where a helpful summary is given of the evolving meanings over time of the term hypervalent. The key phrase “it soon became clear that the two principles of the 2-centre-2-electron bond and the octet rule were sometimes in conflict” succinctly summarises the issue. Two molecules that are discussed in this review caught my eye, CLi6 and SeMe6. The former is stated as “anomalous in terms of the Lewis model“, but as I have shown in an earlier post, the carbon is in fact not anomalous in a Lewis sense because of a large degree of Li-Li bonding. When this is taken into account, the Lewis model of the carbon becomes more “normal”. Here I take a look at the other cited molecule, SeMe6.
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References
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M.C. Durrant, "A quantitative definition of hypervalency", Chemical Science, vol. 6, pp. 6614-6623, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sc02076j
Tags:chemical bonding, City: Aachen, Hypervalency, Hypervalent molecule, Molecular geometry
Posted in Uncategorised | 4 Comments »
Sunday, February 21st, 2016
Hypervalency is defined as a molecule that contains one or more main group elements formally bearing more than eight electrons in their valence shell. One example of a molecule so characterised was CLi6[1] where the description "“carbon can expand its octet of electrons to form this relatively stable molecule“ was used. Yet, in this latter case, the octet expansion is in fact an illusion, as indeed are many examples that are cited. The octet shell remains resolutely un-expanded. Here I will explore the tiny molecule CH3F2- where two extra electrons have been added to fluoromethane.
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References
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H. Kudo, "Observation of hypervalent CLi6 by Knudsen-effusion mass spectrometry", Nature, vol. 355, pp. 432-434, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/355432a0
Tags:Antibonding molecular orbital, Atomic orbital, Block, chemical bonding, Covalent bond, energy, Hypervalency, Hypervalent molecule, hypervalent systems, Molecular orbital, Molecular orbital diagram, Octet rule, Periodic table, Valence
Posted in Bond slam | 1 Comment »