<!ENTITY % pattern "(root | (target-element | element | any)*>
<!ELEMENT rule (%pattern;, %action;)>
Is the asterisk in the entity correct?  What this means is that I can say that 
the ancestor of the target element has specific siblings:
<element type="foo"/>
<element type="bar">
   <target-element type="foobar"/>
</element>
Section 3.2.1 discusses this possibility for the descendants of a target element 
("Multiple element elements can be placed *inside* a target-element element.") 
but not for its ancestors.
-- Ron Bourret